If you work with different operating systems, it's handy to be able to share files between them. This article explains how to set up file access between Linux (Fedora 33) and Windows 10 using Samba and mount.cifs.
Samba is the Linux implementation of the SMB/CIFS protocol, allowing direct access to shared folders and printers over a network. Mount.cifs is part of the Samba suite and allows you to mount the CIFS filesystem under Linux.
Caution: These instructions are for sharing files within your private local network or in a virtualized host-only network between a Linux host machine and a virtualized Windows guest. Don't consider this article a guideline for your corporate network, as it doesn't implement the necessary cybersecurity considerations.
Access Linux from Windows
This section explains how to access a user's Linux home directory from Windows File Explorer.
1. Install and configure Samba
Start on your Linux system by installing Samba:
dnf install sambaSamba is a system daemon, and its configuration file is located in /etc/samba/smb.conf. Its default configuration should work. If not, this minimal configuration should do the job:
[global]
workgroup = SAMBA
server string = %h server (Samba %v)
invalid users = root
security = user
[homes]
comment = Home Directories
browseable = no
valid users = %S
writable = yesYou can find a detailed description of the parameters in the smb.conf section of the project's website.
2. Modify LinuxSE
If your Linux distribution is protected by SELinux (as Fedora is), you have to enable Samba to be able to access the user's home directory:
setsebool -P samba_enable_home_dirs onCheck that the value is set by typing:
getsebool samba_enable_home_dirsYour output should look like this:
(Stephan Avenwedde, CC BY-SA 4.0)
3. Enable your user
Samba uses a set of users and passwords that have permission to connect. Add your Linux user to the set by typing:
smbpasswd -a <your-user>You will be prompted for a password. This is a completely new password; it is not the current password for your account. Enter the password you want to use to log in to Samba.
To get a list of allowed user types:
pdbedit -L -vRemove a user by typing:
smbpasswd -x <user-name>4. Start Samba
Because Samba is a system daemon, you can start it on Fedora with:
systemctl start smbThis starts Samba for the current session. If you want Samba to start automatically on system startup, enter:
systemctl enable smbOn some systems, the Samba daemon is registered as smbd.
4. Configure the firewall
By default, Samba is blocked by your firewall. Allow Samba to access the network permanently by configuring the firewall.
You can do it on the command line with:
firewall-cmd --add-service=samba --permanentOr you do it graphically with the firewall-config tool:
(Stephan Avenwedde, CC BY-SA 4.0)
5. Access Samba from Windows
In Windows, open File Explorer. On the address line, type in two backslashes followed by your Linux machine's address (IP address or hostname):
(Stephan Avenwedde, CC BY-SA 4.0)
You will be prompted for your login information. Type in the username and password combination from step 3. You should now be able to access your home directory on your Linux machine:
(Stephan Avenwedde, CC BY-SA 4.0)
Access Windows from Linux
The following steps explain how to access a shared Windows folder from Linux. To implement them, you need Administrator rights on your Windows user account.
1. Enable file sharing
Open the Network and Sharing Center either by clicking on the
Windows Button > Settings > Network & Internet
or by right-clicking the little monitor icon on the bottom-right of your taskbar:
(Stephan Avenwedde, CC BY-SA 4.0)
In the window that opens, find the connection you want to use and note its profile. I used Ethernet 3, which is tagged as a Public network.
Caution: Consider changing your local machine's connection profile to Private if your PC is frequently connected to public networks.
Remember your network profile and click on Change advanced sharing settings:
(Stephan Avenwedde, CC BY-SA 4.0)
Select the profile that corresponds to your connection and turn on network discovery and file and printer sharing:
(Stephan Avenwedde, CC BY-SA 4.0)
2. Define a shared folder
Open the context menu by right-clicking on the folder you want to share, navigate to Give access to, and select Specific people... :
(Stephan Avenwedde, CC BY-SA 4.0)
Check whether your current username is on the list. Click on Share to tag this folder as shared:
(Stephan Avenwedde, CC BY-SA 4.0)
You can display a list of all shared folders by entering \\localhost in File Explorer's address line:
(Stephan Avenwedde, CC BY-SA 4.0)
<p class="rtecenter"><sup>(Stephan Avenwedde, <a href="https://opensource.com/%3Ca%20href%3D"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" rel="ugc">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-SA 4.0</a>)</sup></p>
3. Mount the shared folder under Linux
Go back to your Linux system, open a command shell, and create a new folder where you want to mount the Windows share:
mkdir ~/WindowsShareMounting Windows shares is done with mount.cifs, which should be installed by default. To mount your shared folder temporarily, use:
sudo mount.cifs //<address-of-windows-pc>/MySharedFolder ~/WindowsShare/ -o user=<Windows-user>,uid=$UIDIn this command:
<address-of-windows-pc>is the Windows PC's address info (IP or hostname)<Windows-user>is the user that is allowed to access the shared folder (from step 2)
You will be prompted for your Windows password. Enter it, and you will be able to access the shared folder on Windows with your normal Linux user.
To unmount the shared folder:
sudo umount ~/WindowsShare/
You can also mount a Windows shared folder on system startup. Follow these steps to configure your system accordingly.
Summary
This shows how to establish temporary shared folder access that must be renewed after each boot. It is relatively easy to modify this configuration for permanent access. I often switch back and forth between different systems, so I consider it incredibly practical to set up direct file access.
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